Saturday, December 12, 2020

Miscellaneous Tamil Symbols in LaTeX

     Apart from the Tamil fractions and numerals there are other miscellaneous symbols. These can be typeset in XeLaTex or LuaLaTeX. Make sure you have installed the Noto Sans Tamil Supplement Font. To insert the Unicode character say in TeX studio press CTRL+ALT+u and input the Unicode number in the dialog box and press enter. i will mention the Unicode block and its corresponding character.  Whenever we can type the symbols in IBus [uses the Tamil99 layout] I'll mention the  keystrokes in the first column.

Measures of grain

 11FD5    ЁС┐Х   1 роиெро▓்     one grain of paddy
11FD6    ЁС┐Ц   роЪெро╡ிроЯ்роЯு   360 grains of paddy
11FD7    ЁС┐Ч    роЖро┤ாроХ்роХு  1,800 grains of paddy
11FD8    ЁС┐Ш    роЙро┤роХ்роХு    3,600 grains of paddy
-        роЙро░ி   2 роЙро┤роХ்роХு  7,200 grains of paddy
11FD9    ЁС┐Щ   рооூро╡ுро┤роХ்роХு  10,800 grains of paddy
0BF3         рокроЯி        14,400 grains of paddy
11FDA    ЁС┐Ъ    роХுро░ுройி*    115,200 grains of paddy
11FDB    ЁС┐Ы   рокродроХ்роХு     230,400 grains of paddy
11FDC    ЁС┐Ь   рооுроХ்роХுро░ுройி*  345,600 grains of paddy
* рооро░роХ்роХாро▓் роОрой்ро▒ுроо் роЕро┤ைроХ்роХро▓ாроо் 
* can also be called Marakkaal

Old currency symbols 

11FDD    ЁС┐Э    роХாроЪு        Paise
11FDE    ЁС┐Ю    рокрогроо்      Money
11FDF    ЁС┐Я    рокொрой்     Gold coin
11FE0    ЁС┐а    ро╡ро░ாроХрой்    Gold coin bearing boar insgignia
 

Symbols of weight, length, and area

11FE1    ЁС┐б    рокாро░роо்     Equals approx 227 kg
11FE2    ЁС┐в    роХுро┤ி*     Approx 121 sq ft
11FE3    ЁС┐г    ро╡ேро▓ி     Approx 242,000 sq ft
 

Agricultural symbols         

11FE4    ЁС┐д    роирой்роЪெроп்    Wet Cultivation
11FE5    ЁС┐е    рокுрой்роЪெроп்    Dry Cultivation
11FE6    ЁС┐ж    роиிро▓роо்       Land
11FE7    ЁС┐з    роЙрок்рокро│роо்    Salt Pan
 

Clerical symbols  

11FE8    ЁС┐и    ро╡ро░ро╡ு        Credit
11FE9    ЁС┐й     роОрог்        Number
11FEA    ЁС┐к    роиாро│родு       Current date sign
11FEB    ЁС┐л    роЪிро▓்ро▓ро░ை     Change
11FEC    ЁС┐м    рокோроХ         Spent sign
11FED    ЁС┐н    роЖроХ         Total Sign
 

Other symbols and abbreviations  

11FEE    ЁС┐о    ро╡роЪроо்        Posession
11FEF    ЁС┐п    рооுродро▓்        Principal [Money]
11FF0    ЁС┐░    рооுродро▓ிроп      et cetera
11FF1    ЁС┐▒    ро╡роХைропро░ா   indicates items of a family or kind 
11FFF    ЁС┐┐    -            End of Text
 

Symbols in the Standard Tamil Unicode Block

A    0BF3        Day also pillaiyar suli  роиாро│்
X    0BF4        Month                   рооாродроо்
C    0BF5      Year                    ро╡ро░ுроЯроо்
V    0BF6        Debit                   рокро▒்ро▒ு
B    0BF7       Credit                  ро╡ро░ро╡ு
D    0BF8      As Above                 рооேро▒்рокроЯி
A    0BF9        Rupee                   ро░ுрокாроп் 
S    0BFA        Number          роОрог், роиிро▓ுро╡ை
N    0BD0    рпР    Om                        -
L    0BF1        Raja                   ро░ாроЬ  
 

Some Special Symbols

G        ЁЯМХ       Full Moon    рокро╡ுро░்рогрооி
       ЁЯМС       New Moon     роЕрооாро╡ாроЪை
J               Karthigai    роХாро░்род்родிроХை
^$       ₹        Rupee        ро░ூрокாроп்  

To typeset the above symbols the following packages are needed they are 
  • lmodern
  • MnSymbol
  • wasysym
  • tfrupee
  • marvosym [has some other common symbols]
The full moon ,new moon and the star needs to be in math mode.Here is an MWE

\RequirePackage[orthodox]{nag}
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage[T1,TS1,OT1,OT4,TU,EU1,QX,T5,LY1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[stretch=10]{microtype}
\setmainfont{Times New Roman}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage[cmsy]{MnSymbol}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{tfrupee}
\begin{document} 
     $\newmoon \fullmoon $
    \rupee $\filledlargestar$
\end{document} 
  
 
 
* Different Authorities give different measure for kuli. 
Most of these symbols are not in current use.
Some Measurement are still used in oral form.  
Some Symbols are used only for official documents although it has become rare nowadays.

Shriramana Sharma and others have done a huge work to make sure Tamil numbering and measuring system were included in Unicode. Also Shriramana Sharma is the author of the font Lohit Tamil Chart Font.Kudos to them for their hard work.  
 
 

Reference

 


        

Friday, December 11, 2020

Tamil Numerals and Tamil Fractions

 Tamil Numerals

To type the Tamil numerals in any word documents or even typesetting in Latex set the Tamil99 keyboard layout in IBus Else if you know the Unicode character for the numerals you can encode it directly. In Tex editors such as TeXstudio lets you encode the Unicode Characters by pressing CTRL+ALT+u or you can goto Edit ---> Insert Unicode character, a dialog box will open ,now you can insert your Unicode character.  I will tell you how to type in Tamil as well as its Unicode character

^#0        0BE6                 рпж         0

^#1        0BE7                 рпз         1

^#2        0BE8                 рпи         2

^#3        0BE9                 рпй         3

^#4        0BEA                 рпк         4

^#5        0BEB                 рпл         5

^#6        0BEC                 рпм         6

^#7        0BED                 рпн         7

^#8        0BEE                 рпо         8

^#9        0BEF                 рпп         9

-          0BF0                 ௰          10  

-          0BF1                           100     

-          0BF2                            1000

The Tamil numbers 10,100 and 1000 comes under the Extended Tamil99 Standard, Linux in IBus supports only the standard Tamil99 Layout; select these from Special characters in Libreoffice in Linux. In case of LaTeX you can insert the  Unicode Character in your TeX editor. 

Tamil Fractions: 

 

Most Tamil fonts don't encode the Tamil Fractions glyphs. These fractions are mentioned in the supplementary block [11FC0-11FFF]. There are only two fonts support these fractions 1. Lohit Tamil chart   and  2. Noto Sans Tamil Supplement  . As I've mentioned earlier IBus doesn't  support the extended characters so you have to insert the Unicode characters.Comparing to the fonts from the Lohit Tamil chart, Noto Sans Tamil supplement is better.I will mention the Unicode character,its Tamil fraction, indo-arabic numeral representation and its Tamil word.


11FC0         ЁС┐А         1/320        рооுрои்родிро░ி 

11FC1         ЁС┐Б           1/160       роЕро░ைроХ்роХாрогி

11FC2         ЁС┐В           1/80         роХாрогி

11FC3         ЁС┐Г          1/64         роХாро▓் ро╡ீроЪроо் 

11FC4        ЁС┐Д            1/40        роЕро░ை рооா

11FC5        ЁС┐Е           1/32        роЕро░ை ро╡ீроЪроо்

11FC6        ЁС┐Ж           3/80        рооுроХ்роХாрогி

11FC7        ЁС┐З           3/64        рооுроХ்роХாро▓் ро╡ீроЪроо்

11FC8        ЁС┐И            1/20        рооா

11FC9        ЁС┐Й           1/16        ро╡ீроЪроо்   -1

11FCA*       ЁС┐К           1/16        рооாроХாрогி  -2

11FCB        ЁС┐Л            1/10        роЗро░ுрооா

11FCC       ЁС┐М           1/8         роЕро░ைроХ்роХாро▓்

11FCD       ЁС┐Н            3/20        рооுроо்рооா

11FCE       ЁС┐О           3/16        рооூро╡ீроЪроо்

11FCF       ЁС┐П            1/5         роиாрой்роХு рооா

11FD0       ЁС┐Р            1/4         роХாро▓்

11FD1       ЁС┐С             1/2         роЕро░ை -1

11FD2*      ЁС┐Т             1/2         роЕро░ை -2

11FD3       ЁС┐У            3/4         рооுроХ்роХாро▓்

11FD4       ЁС┐Ф             -           роХீро┤்

ЁС┐Ф ---- Downsizing factor when prefixed to a fraction it reduces it by a factor of 1/320

*  ---- Alternate way of writing


Reference:

https://pravins.fedorapeople.org/tamil-fraction-symbol-proposal-fonts/n4430.pdf

https://www.unicode.org/charts/fonts.html

https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf

https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-12.0/U120-11FC0.pdf

 

 

Typesetting in Tamil For Multilingual Documents

 

When you are typesetting Multilingual document it doesn't make sense to load Polyglossia or Babel package just for a single line. All one has to load is the Fontspec package and the requisite font. Whenever Fontspec package is loaded it must be compiled in either XeLaTeX or LuaLaTex. Here is the minimal working example.

\RequirePackage[orthodox]{nag}
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{ClearSans}
\usepackage{courier}
\newfontfamily{\TACtam}{Lohit Tamil}
\newfontfamily{\ctam}{Noto Sans Tamil Supplement}
\begin{document}
    normal  \emph{italic} \textbf{extra bold} \textit{italy} \texttt{help}
    {\TACtam роЕроп்ропா ро╡рогроХ்роХроо்.}{\ctam ЁС┐А}
\end{document}

You can name the Commands \TACtam and \ctam , wordings of your choice, this is saying to XeLaTeX to encode the fonts in Tamil.

 Reference: 

https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/241960/229186

Setting up Font For Bold and Italic in LaTeX

 To Set up font for bold and italic in LaTeX, one has to load the Fontspec package. But first make sure the font you are using has both the bold and italic glyphs or make sure the fonts you are going to use matches else it would be very awkward and look very unprofessional. Most of the time  the fontspec package can load a font with its given name such as Times New Roman or Noto Sans. If you mentioned a font by its file name then make sure you mention the Bold and Italic fonts.In This you can also set the default typewriter font, For example if you want to load the courier as the default typewriter font all you had to is load the package Here is the Minimal Working example.

\Requirepackage[orthodox]{nag}                    \documentclass{article}                       \usepackage{fontspec}               \setmainfont{texgyrepagella-regular.otf}[BoldFont= texgyrepagella-bold.otf ,ItalicFont= texgyrepagella-italic.otf , BoldItalicFont = texgyrepagella-bolditalic.otf]          \usepackage{courier}                                \begin{ document}                                  \end{document}

 

Reference:

https://tug.org/FontCatalogue/courier/

https://www.ctan.org/search?phrase=fontspec

https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/31743/229186 


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