Miscellaneous Tamil Symbols in LaTeX

     Apart from the Tamil fractions and numerals there are other miscellaneous symbols. These can be typeset in XeLaTex or LuaLaTeX. Make sure you have installed the Noto Sans Tamil Supplement Font. To insert the Unicode character say in TeX studio press CTRL+ALT+u and input the Unicode number in the dialog box and press enter. i will mention the Unicode block and its corresponding character.  Whenever we can type the symbols in IBus [uses the Tamil99 layout] I'll mention the  keystrokes in the first column.

Measures of grain

 11FD5    𑿕   1 நெல்     one grain of paddy

11FD6    𑿖   செவிட்டு   360 grains of paddy

11FD7    𑿗    ஆழாக்கு  1,800 grains of paddy

11FD8    𑿘    உழக்கு    3,600 grains of paddy

-        உரி   2 உழக்கு  7,200 grains of paddy

11FD9    𑿙   மூவுழக்கு  10,800 grains of paddy

0BF3     ௳    படி        14,400 grains of paddy

11FDA    𑿚    குருனி*    115,200 grains of paddy

11FDB    𑿛   பதக்கு     230,400 grains of paddy

11FDC    𑿜   முக்குருனி*  345,600 grains of paddy

* மரக்கால் என்றும் அழைக்கலாம் 

* can also be called Marakkaal

Old currency symbols 

11FDD    𑿝    காசு        Paise

11FDE    𑿞    பணம்      Money

11FDF    𑿟    பொன்     Gold coin

11FE0    𑿠    வராகன்    Gold coin bearing boar insgignia

 

Symbols of weight, length, and area

11FE1    𑿡    பாரம்     Equals approx 227 kg

11FE2    𑿢    குழி*     Approx 121 sq ft

11FE3    𑿣    வேலி     Approx 242,000 sq ft

 

Agricultural symbols         

11FE4    𑿤    நன்செய்    Wet Cultivation

11FE5    𑿥    புன்செய்    Dry Cultivation

11FE6    𑿦    நிலம்       Land

11FE7    𑿧    உப்பளம்    Salt Pan

 

Clerical symbols  

11FE8    𑿨    வரவு        Credit

11FE9    𑿩     எண்        Number

11FEA    𑿪    நாளது       Current date sign

11FEB    𑿫    சில்லரை     Change

11FEC    𑿬    போக         Spent sign

11FED    𑿭    ஆக         Total Sign

 

Other symbols and abbreviations  

11FEE    𑿮    வசம்        Posession

11FEF    𑿯    முதல்        Principal [Money]

11FF0    𑿰    முதலிய      et cetera

11FF1    𑿱    வகையரா   indicates items of a family or kind 

11FFF    𑿿    -            End of Text

 

Symbols in the Standard Tamil Unicode Block

A    0BF3    ௳    Day also pillaiyar suli  நாள்

X    0BF4    ௴    Month                   மாதம்

C    0BF5    ௵  Year                    வருடம்

V    0BF6    ௶    Debit                   பற்று

B    0BF7    ௷   Credit                  வரவு

D    0BF8    ௸  As Above                 மேற்படி

A    0BF9    ௹    Rupee                   ருபாய் 

S    0BFA    ௺    Number          எண், நிலுவை

N    0BD0    ௐ    Om                        -

L    0BF1    ௱    Raja                   ராஜ  

 

Some Special Symbols

G        🌕       Full Moon    பவுர்ணமி

H        🌑       New Moon     அமாவாசை

J        ★       Karthigai    கார்த்திகை

^$       ₹        Rupee        ரூபாய்  

To typeset the above symbols the following packages are needed they are 

• lmodern
• MnSymbol
• wasysym
• tfrupee
• marvosym [has some other common symbols]
  

The full moon ,new moon and the star needs to be in math mode.Here is an MWE

\RequirePackage[orthodox]{nag}
\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage[T1,TS1,OT1,OT4,TU,EU1,QX,T5,LY1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[stretch=10]{microtype}
\setmainfont{Times New Roman}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{marvosym}
\usepackage[cmsy]{MnSymbol}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{tfrupee}
\begin{document} 
     $\newmoon \fullmoon $
    \rupee $\filledlargestar$
\end{document} 

  

 

 

* Different Authorities give different measure for kuli. 

Most of these symbols are not in current use.

Some Measurement are still used in oral form.  

Some Symbols are used only for official documents although it has become rare nowadays.

Shriramana Sharma and others have done a huge work to make sure Tamil numbering and measuring system were included in Unicode. Also Shriramana Sharma is the author of the font Lohit Tamil Chart Font.Kudos to them for their hard work.  

 

 

Reference

 

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=839303

check out the help file for keystroke sequence in Tamil99 although the software is depreciated.

https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11FC0.pdf

Unicode Technical Note on Tamil Numerals

https://www.unicode.org/charts/fonts.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil_units_of_measurement

        

Tamil Numerals and Tamil Fractions

 Tamil Numerals

To type the Tamil numerals in any word documents or even typesetting in Latex set the Tamil99 keyboard layout in IBus Else if you know the Unicode character for the numerals you can encode it directly. In Tex editors such as TeXstudio lets you encode the Unicode Characters by pressing CTRL+ALT+u or you can goto Edit ---> Insert Unicode character, a dialog box will open ,now you can insert your Unicode character.  I will tell you how to type in Tamil as well as its Unicode character

^#0        0BE6                 ௦         0

^#1        0BE7                 ௧         1

^#2        0BE8                 ௨         2

^#3        0BE9                 ௩         3

^#4        0BEA                 ௪         4

^#5        0BEB                 ௫         5

^#6        0BEC                 ௬         6

^#7        0BED                 ௭         7

^#8        0BEE                 ௮         8

^#9        0BEF                 ௯         9

-          0BF0                 ௰          10  

-          0BF1                 ௱          100     

-          0BF2                 ௲           1000

The Tamil numbers 10,100 and 1000 comes under the Extended Tamil99 Standard, Linux in IBus supports only the standard Tamil99 Layout; select these from Special characters in Libreoffice in Linux. In case of LaTeX you can insert the  Unicode Character in your TeX editor. 

Tamil Fractions: 

 

Most Tamil fonts don't encode the Tamil Fractions glyphs. These fractions are mentioned in the supplementary block [11FC0-11FFF]. There are only two fonts support these fractions 1. Lohit Tamil chart   and  2. Noto Sans Tamil Supplement  . As I've mentioned earlier IBus doesn't  support the extended characters so you have to insert the Unicode characters.Comparing to the fonts from the Lohit Tamil chart, Noto Sans Tamil supplement is better.I will mention the Unicode character,its Tamil fraction, indo-arabic numeral representation and its Tamil word.

11FC0         𑿀         1/320        முந்திரி 

11FC1         𑿁           1/160       அரைக்காணி

11FC2         𑿂           1/80         காணி

11FC3         𑿃          1/64         கால் வீசம் 

11FC4        𑿄            1/40        அரை மா

11FC5        𑿅           1/32        அரை வீசம்

11FC6        𑿆           3/80        முக்காணி

11FC7        𑿇           3/64        முக்கால் வீசம்

11FC8        𑿈            1/20        மா

11FC9        𑿉           1/16        வீசம்   -1

11FCA*       𑿊           1/16        மாகாணி  -2

11FCB        𑿋            1/10        இருமா

11FCC       𑿌           1/8         அரைக்கால்

11FCD       𑿍            3/20        மும்மா

11FCE       𑿎           3/16        மூவீசம்

11FCF       𑿏            1/5         நான்கு மா

11FD0       𑿐            1/4         கால்

11FD1       𑿑             1/2         அரை -1

11FD2*      𑿒             1/2         அரை -2

11FD3       𑿓            3/4         முக்கால்

11FD4       𑿔             -           கீழ்

𑿔 ---- Downsizing factor when prefixed to a fraction it reduces it by a factor of 1/320

*  ---- Alternate way of writing

Reference:

https://pravins.fedorapeople.org/tamil-fraction-symbol-proposal-fonts/n4430.pdf

https://www.unicode.org/charts/fonts.html

https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf

https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/Unicode-12.0/U120-11FC0.pdf

 

 

Typesetting in Tamil For Multilingual Documents

 

When you are typesetting Multilingual document it doesn't make sense to load Polyglossia or Babel package just for a single line. All one has to load is the Fontspec package and the requisite font. Whenever Fontspec package is loaded it must be compiled in either XeLaTeX or LuaLaTex. Here is the minimal working example.

\RequirePackage[orthodox]{nag}
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage{ClearSans}
\usepackage{courier}
\newfontfamily{\TACtam}{Lohit Tamil}
\newfontfamily{\ctam}{Noto Sans Tamil Supplement}
\begin{document}
    normal  \emph{italic} \textbf{extra bold} \textit{italy} \texttt{help}
    {\TACtam அய்யா வணக்கம்.}{\ctam 𑿀}
\end{document}

You can name the Commands \TACtam and \ctam , wordings of your choice, this is saying to XeLaTeX to encode the fonts in Tamil.

 Reference: 

https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/241960/229186

Setting up Font For Bold and Italic in LaTeX

 To Set up font for bold and italic in LaTeX, one has to load the Fontspec package. But first make sure the font you are using has both the bold and italic glyphs or make sure the fonts you are going to use matches else it would be very awkward and look very unprofessional. Most of the time  the fontspec package can load a font with its given name such as Times New Roman or Noto Sans. If you mentioned a font by its file name then make sure you mention the Bold and Italic fonts.In This you can also set the default typewriter font, For example if you want to load the courier as the default typewriter font all you had to is load the package Here is the Minimal Working example.

\Requirepackage[orthodox]{nag}                    \documentclass{article}                       \usepackage{fontspec}               \setmainfont{texgyrepagella-regular.otf}[BoldFont= texgyrepagella-bold.otf ,ItalicFont= texgyrepagella-italic.otf , BoldItalicFont = texgyrepagella-bolditalic.otf]          \usepackage{courier}                                \begin{ document}                                  \end{document}

 

Reference:

https://tug.org/FontCatalogue/courier/

https://www.ctan.org/search?phrase=fontspec

https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/31743/229186 

Typesetting in Tamil using Babel in XeLaTeX

 

 I have written in an previous post on how to typeset in Tamil  using the Polyglossia Package. In this post we will typeset in Tamil using the Babel Package. To typeset as usual we have to load a few packages and these are the most important to load 

\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{fontspec}                            \usepackage{microtype}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage{seqsplit}
\usepackage[absolute]{textpos}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} \usepackage[T1,TS1,OT1,OT4,TU,EU1,QX,T5,LY1]{fontenc}  

Set the Following options in your preamble 

\babelprovide[main, import]{tamil}
\babelprovide[import]{english}
\defaultfontfeatures{Scale=MatchLowercase}
\setmainfont{TAU-Barathi}[Renderer=Harfbuzz,Script=Tamil]
\newfontfamily\englishfont{Times New Roman}[Scale=0.98,Renderer=Harfbuzz,Ligatures=TeX]

Now we can begin our document 

 \begin{document}
  வணக்கம்                                            \end{document}   

 Now you can typeset in Tamil.

Reference: 

https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/498941/229186

https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/171448/229186

How to Set font of Our choice in LaTeX

 To Set a Font our choice say Georgia or Charis SIL in latex we have to use the  fontspec  package. To load the fontspec package run:

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}

\usepackage{fontspec}

\setmainfont{Georgia}

\begin{document}

\end{document}

and compile the document in either XeLaTeX  or LuaLaTex.

Reference:

https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/67769/229186

UPDATE : Installing canon canoscan lide 110 in Debian

When I wrote that post Debian it didn't have any drivers in that version. Now Especially after version 6 a.k.a Squeeze Debian has included the drivers for the  canon Canoscan lide 110. Just make sure you have installed all the firmware in your system.